May is Skin Cancer Awareness Month. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States with more than five million skin cancer diagnoses annually.

Risk factors

UV radiation exposure: Exposure to UV radiation, either from the sun or tanning lamps, is the biggest risk for skin cancer Fair skin: People with fair skin, freckling, or red or
blond hair have a higher risk

Climate/geography: People who live in sunny climates or in southern states are at an increased risk for skin cancer

Moles: The presence of many moles increases a person’s chance of getting melanoma

Age: Chances of developing skin cancer increase with age

Personal/Family history: A history of skin cancer, especially melanoma, can put people at higher risk

Weakened immune system: People with a weakened immune system are more susceptible to skin cancer

Signs and symptoms

Patients experiencing any of these symptoms should consult a physician.

• Firm, pale or yellow scar-like areas
• Raised, itchy reddish patches
• Rough or scaly red patches
• Raised growths or lumps, sometimes with a lower area in the center
• Open sores that don’t heal
• Moles wider than ¼ inch that are asymmetrical, have edges that are ragged, and/or have a splotchy color

Screening

Most skin cancers are found by watching for visual changes in the skin. Regular exams by your doctor and checking your own skin frequently can help find
many skin cancers early, when they are easier to treat.

Self-exams: To complete a self-exam, you will need to carefully examine the entire surface of your skin. You can use a hand mirror to help you check hard-to-see areas, or ask a partner or close friend to help. Check regularly and note any changes. If you do see any changes or have other concerns, it’s important to schedule an appointment with your doctor.

Prevention

• Cover up when you’re in the sun to reduce exposure to dangerous UV rays.
• Say no to tanning. The UV ray exposure is dangerous. This includes both the sun and tanning beds.
• Wear sunscreen. Choose a sunscreen that is SPF 30 or higher and follow directions for reapplication. Pay close attention to areas like your face, arms, or any area not covered by clothing.
• Stay in the shade. Hang out in a shaded area to reduce your sun exposure.
• Sunglasses that block UV rays can help to protect your eye area from the sun.