If immunotherapy is part of your cancer treatment plan, you may have questions about how it works, what to expect and what side effects you may experience. Here are five common questions about immunotherapy. 

What is immunotherapy? 

Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses materials made by the body or in a laboratory to help the immune system recognize and fight cancer. It may be used on its own or along with other treatments, such as chemotherapy.  

What types of cancer can immunotherapy treat? 

Immunotherapy can treat many types of cancer, but it is not right for everyone. Minnesota Oncology’s resources identify immunotherapy as a treatment option for certain lung, kidney, bladder, melanoma, renal cell, head and neck, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and colon cancers. Your doctor can determine whether it may be appropriate for you based on your cancer and overall health.  

How is immunotherapy given? 

The way immunotherapy is given depends on the treatment. It may be administered through an IV, taken as a pill or capsule, applied as a topical treatment for some skin cancers, or placed directly into the bladder. How often you receive treatment depends on your specific treatment and how your body responds.  

What side effects can immunotherapy cause? 

Immunotherapy can cause different side effects depending on the treatment and the individual. Possible side effects include fatigue, flu-like symptoms, headaches, skin changes, diarrhea, shortness of breath, inflammation and hormone changes.  

How are side effects managed? 

Before treatment begins, ask your care team what side effects to watch for. During treatment, tell your care team about any new or worsening health problems, even if you aren't sure they are related to immunotherapy. Early recognition can help your care team manage side effects before they become more severe. In some cases, your doctor may recommend pausing treatment or treating the side effect. 

If you have questions about immunotherapy or whether it may be part of your treatment plan, talk with your cancer care team about your options.